30 June 2024 (MIA)

350 – Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, is defeated and killed in Rome by troops of the usurper Magnentius.

763 – The Byzantine army of emperor Constantine V defeats the Bulgarian forces in the Battle of Anchialus.

1422 – Battle of Arbedo between the duke of Milan and the Swiss cantons.

1520 – Spanish conquistadors led by Hernan Cortes fight their way out of Tenochtitlan.

1521 – Spanish forces defeat a combined French and Navarrese army at the Battle of Noain during the Spanish conquest of Iberian Navarre.

1559 – King Henry II of France is mortally wounded in a jousting match against Gabriel, comte de Montgomery.

1651 – The Deluge: Khmelnytsky Uprising: The Battle of Berestechko ends with a Polish victory.

1688 – The Immortal Seven issue the Invitation to William (continuing the English rebellion from Rome), which would culminate in the Glorious Revolution.

1758 – Seven Years’ War: The Battle of Domstadtl takes place.

1794 – Native American forces under Blue Jacket attack Fort Recovery.

1805 – The U.S. Congress organizes the Michigan Territory.

1860 – The 1860 Oxford evolution debate at the Oxford University Museum of Natural History takes place.

1859 – French acrobat Charles Blondin crosses Niagara Falls on a tightrope.

1864 – U.S. President Abraham Lincoln grants Yosemite Valley to California for “public use, resort and recreation”.

1882 – Charles J. Guiteau is hanged in Washington, D.C. for the assassination of U.S. President James Garfield.

1886 – The first transcontinental train trip across Canada departs from Montreal. It arrives in Port Moody, British Columbia on July 4.

1892 – The Homestead Strike begins near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

1905 – Albert Einstein sends the article On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies, in which he introduces special relativity, for publication in Annalen der Physik.

1906 – The United States Congress passes the Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act.

1908 – The Tunguska event occurs in remote Siberia.

1912 – The Regina Cyclone hits Regina, Saskatchewan, killing 28. It remains Canada’s deadliest tornado event.

1913 – Beginning of the Second Balkan War, which pitted Bulgaria against Serbia and Greece, in a struggle to take over as big as possible piece of Macedonia. The war ended quickly, but fighting over Macedonia was renewed in the First World War that was soon to follow.

1917 – World War I: Greece declares war on the Central Powers.

1921 – U.S. President Warren G. Harding appoints former President William Howard Taft Chief Justice of the United States.

1922 – In Washington D.C., U.S. Secretary of State Charles Evans Hughes and Dominican Ambassador Francisco J. Peynado sign the Hughes–Peynado agreement, which ends the United States occupation of the Dominican Republic.

1934 – The Night of the Long Knives, Adolf Hitler’s violent purge of his political rivals in Germany, takes place.

1936 – Emperor Haile Selassie of Abyssinia appeals for aid to the League of Nations against Italy’s invasion of his country.

1937 – The world’s first emergency telephone number, 999, is introduced in London

1944 – World War II: The Battle of Cherbourg ends with the fall of the strategically valuable port to American forces.

1953 – The first Chevrolet Corvette rolls off the assembly line in Flint, Michigan.

1956 – A TWA Super Constellation and a United Airlines DC-7 collide above the Grand Canyon in Arizona and crash, killing all 128 on board both airliners.

1959 – A United States Air Force F-100 Super Sabre from Kadena Air Base, Okinawa, crashes into a nearby elementary school, killing 11 students plus six residents from the local neighborhood.

1960 – Congo gains independence from Belgium.

1963 – Ciaculli massacre: a car bomb, intended for Mafia boss Salvatore Greco, kills seven police officers and military personnel near Palermo.

1966 – The National Organization for Women, the United States’ largest feminist organization, is founded.

1968 – Pope Paul VI issues the Credo of the People of God.

1971 – The crew of the Soviet Soyuz 11 spacecraft are killed when their air supply escapes through a faulty valve.

1971 – Ohio ratifies the 26th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, reducing the voting age to 18, thereby putting the amendment into effect.

1972 – The first leap second is added to the UTC time system.

1974 – The Baltimore municipal strike of 1974 begins.

1977 – The Southeast Asia Treaty Organization disbands.

1985 – Thirty-nine American hostages from the hijacked TWA Flight 847 are freed in Beirut after being held for 17 days.

1986 – The U.S. Supreme Court rules in Bowers v. Hardwick that states can outlaw homosexual acts between consenting adults.

1990 – East Germany and West Germany merge their economies.

1997 – The United Kingdom transfers sovereignty over Hong Kong to the People’s Republic of China.

2010 – Benigno Aquino III was sworn into office as the 15th President of the Philippines

2013 – Mass protests are held in Egypt.

2013 – Nineteen firefighters die controlling a wildfire in Yarnell, Arizona.

2015 – A Hercules C-130 military aircraft with 113 people on board crashes in a residential area in the Indonesian city of Medan, resulting in at least 116 deaths.