29 September 2024 (MIA)

1227 – Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, is excommunicated by Pope Gregory IX for his failure to participate in the Crusades.

1364 – Battle of Auray: English forces defeat the French in Brittany; end of the War of the Breton Succession.

1399 – King Richard II became the first English monarch to abdicate his throne.

1578 – Tegucigalpa, capital city of Honduras, is claimed by the Spaniards.

1650 – Henry Robinson opens his Office of Addresses and Encounters in Threadneedle Street, London.

1717 – An earthquake strikes Antigua Guatemala, destroying much of the city’s architecture and making authorities consider moving the capital to a different city.

1789 – The United States Department of War first establishes a regular army with a strength of several hundred men.

1789 – The 1st United States Congress adjourns.

1829 – The Metropolitan Police of London, later also known as the Met, is founded.

1829 – Sir Robert Peel’s police, the “bobbies,” begin operations at Scotland Yard.

1895 – French chemist Louis Pasteur dies.

1848 – Battle of Pákozd: Stalemate between Hungarian and Croatian forces at Pákozd; the first battle of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848.

1850 – The papal bull Universalis Ecclesiae restores the Roman Catholic hierarchy in England and Wales.

1864 – American Civil War: The Battle of Chaffin’s Farm is fought.

1885 – The first practical public electric tramway in the world is opened in Blackpool, England.

1899 – The Malolos Congress ratified the Philippine Declaration of Independence from Spain.

1907 – The cornerstone is laid at Washington National Cathedral in the U.S. capital.

1911 – Italy declares war on the Ottoman Empire.

1918 – World War I: Battle of St. Quentin Canal: The Hindenburg Line is broken by Allied forces. Bulgaria signs an armistice.

1923 – The British Mandate for Palestine takes effect, creating Mandatory Palestine.

1923 – The French Mandate for Syria and Lebanon takes effect.

1932 – Chaco War: Last day of the Battle of Boquerón between Paraguay and Bolivia.

1938 – The Munich Agreement between Germany, the United Kingdom, France, and Italy settles the Sudetenland dispute in Germany’s favor. The Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia are not invited.

1940 – Two Avro Ansons of No. 2 Service Flying Training School RAAF collide in mid-air over Brocklesby, New South Wales, Australia, remain locked together after colliding and then land safely.

1941 – World War II: Holocaust in Kiev, Soviet Union: German Einsatzgruppe C begins the Babi Yar massacre, according to the Einsatzgruppen operational situation report.

1941 – Drama Uprising of Macedonian and Greek rebels against the Bulgarians. In the cities Drama, Prosecen, Karlikovo, and Kubalica, which are attacked by the rebels, national authority is established. After the fights, the Bulgarian Army and the police quell the uprisings and massacre 3,000 people.

1949 – The Communist Party of China writes the Common Programme for the future People’s Republic of China.

1950 – The United Nations Security Council Resolution 87 relating to Taiwan is adopted.

1954 – The convention establishing CERN (the European Organization for Nuclear Research) is signed.

1957 – Twenty MCi (740 petabecquerels) of radioactive material is released in an explosion at the Soviet Mayak nuclear plant at Chelyabinsk.

1960 – Nikita Khrushchev, leader of Soviet Union, disrupts a meeting of the United Nations General Assembly with a number of angry outbursts.

1963 – The second period of the Second Vatican Council opens.

1971 – Oman joins the Arab League.

1972 – China-Japan relations: Japan establishes diplomatic relations with the People’s Republic of China after breaking official ties with the Republic of China.

1975 – WGPR in Detroit, Michigan, becomes the world’s first black-owned-and-operated television station.

1978 – John Paul I dies one month after becoming pope.

1982 – Seven people die after taking Extra-Strength Tylenol capsules laced with cyanide. This leads to the use of safety seals on most consumer products.

1988 – Space Shuttle: NASA launches STS-26, the return to flight mission, after the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster.

1988 – The space shuttle Discovery is launched; it is the first American staffed space flight since the Challenger disaster.

1990 – Construction of the Washington National Cathedral is completed.

1990 – The YF-22, which would later become the F-22 Raptor, flies for the first time.

1991 – Haitian coup d’état.

1991 – Sveti Atanasij church is sanctified in the village of Usje.

1992 – Brazilian President Fernando Collor de Mello is impeached.

1993 – In Aruba, a state in the Caribbean Islands, the Republic of Macedonia is admitted as full member of Interpol, the International Criminal Police Organization.

2001 – Former South Vietnam president Nguyen Van Thieu dies.

2004 – The asteroid 4179 Toutatis passes within four lunar distances of Earth.

2004 – The Burt Rutan Ansari X Prize entry SpaceShipOne performs a successful spaceflight, the first of two required to win the prize.

2006 – Gol Transportes Aéreos Flight 1907 collides in mid-air with an Embraer Legacy 600 business jet near Peixoto de Azevedo, Mato Grosso, Brazil, killing 154 people, and triggering a Brazilian aviation crisis.

2007 – Calder Hall, the world’s first commercial nuclear power station, is demolished in a controlled explosion.

2008 – Following the bankruptcies of Lehman Brothers and Washington Mutual, The Dow Jones Industrial Average falls 777.68 points, the largest single-day point loss in its history.

2009 – The 8.1 Mw Samoa earthquake strikes with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VI (Strong). A destructive tsunami follows, leaving 189 dead and hundreds injured.

2013 – Over 42 people are killed by members of Boko Haram at the College of Agriculture in Gujba, Nigeria.